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SRX21145381: GSM7659087: Lg7742a WGS HiSeq; Lemna gibba; WGS
1 ILLUMINA (Illumina HiSeq 2500) run: 72.2M spots, 14.4G bases, 7.9Gb downloads

External Id: GSM7659087_r1
Submitted by: Martienssen, Delbruck Bldg., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Study: The genomes and epigenomes of aquatic plants (Lemnaceae) promote triploid hybridization and clonal reproduction [WGS]
show Abstracthide Abstract
The Lemnaceae (duckweeds) are the world's smallest but fastest growing flowering plants, with a drastically reduced morphology and predominant clonal reproductive habit capable of continuous exponential growth. Here, we present assemblies of 10 Lemna chromosome sets by single molecule nanopore sequencing and chromosome conformation capture. Dynamics of genome evolution in the family are revealed by syntenic comparisons with Wolffia and Spirodela, and diversification of these genera was found to coincide with the “Azolla event”, in which blooms of aquatic macrophytes reduced atmospheric CO2 from greenhouse levels found in the Eocene to those of the current ice age. Orthologous gene comparisons with other aquatic and terrestrial plants uncovered candidate genes for the unique metabolic and developmental features of the family, such as frequent hybrid polyploidy, lack of stomatal closure in high CO2, and accumulation of calcium oxalate, a promising candidate for carbon sequestration. Loss of a spermine-triggered gene network accounts for drastic reduction in stature and preferentially adaxial stomata, a feature of floating aquatic plants. Strikingly, Lemnaceae genomes have selectively lost some of the genes required for RNA interference, including Argonaute genes required for post-zygotic reproductive isolation (the triploid block) and reduced gamete formation. Triploid hybrids arise commonly among Lemna, presumably by hybridization with unreduced gametes, and we have found mutations in highly-conserved ZMM crossover pathway genes that could support polyploid meiosis. Rapid but stable clonal propagation makes Lemna an ideal platform for protein and starch micro-cropping, and for sequestration of dissolved nutrients and atmospheric CO2. Facile regeneration of transgenic fronds from tissue culture, aided by reduced epigenetic silencing, makes Lemna a powerful biotechnological platform, as exemplified by our recent engineering of high-oil Lemna lines that out-perform with oil seed crops. Overall design: Whole genome sequencing of 8 Lemnaceae accessions.
Sample: Lg7742a WGS HiSeq
SAMN36699270 • SRS18408556 • All experiments • All runs
Organism: Lemna gibba
Library:
Name: GSM7659087
Instrument: Illumina HiSeq 2500
Strategy: WGS
Source: GENOMIC
Selection: other
Layout: PAIRED
Construction protocol: High molecular weight (HMW) DNA extractions were performed using either a modified CTAB prep followed by a high-salt low-ethanol starch cleanup (Pacific Biosciences), or nuclear extraction as follows: CTAB prep (Lg7742a, Lj8627, Wa8730): 4 g frozen tissue was ground three times under liquid N2 with a mortar and pestle and transferred to 20 mL pre-warmed lysis buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 9.0, 2% w/v CTAB, 1.4 M NaCl, 20 mM EDTA, 2% PVP-10, 1% 2-mercaptoethanol, 0.1% sarkosyl, 100ug/mL Proteinase K), briefly vortexed, and then incubated at 65ºC for 1 hour with periodic mixing by gentle inversion. The lysate was extracted with 1 volume of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) and then 1 vol. of chloroform:isoamyl alcohol in phase-lock gel tubes. HMW DNA was precipitated from the aqueous phase in a 50 mL falcon tube by the addition of 0.1 vol. 3M NaOAc pH 5.2 followed by 0.7 vol. Isopropanol. After gentle swirling but no inversion mixing, precipitated salt in the upper phase was pipetted off and HMW DNA was hooked out with a bent pasteur pipette, washed by dipping in 70% EtOH, air-dried for 2 minutes, and resuspended in 200 uL Tris-Cl pH 8.5 (EB). The DNA solution was treated with 2 uL 20 mg/mL RNase A at 37ºC for 20 minutes followed by 2 uL 50 mg/mL Proteinase K at 50ºC for 30 minutes. 194 uL EB, 100 uL 5M NaCl, and 2 uL 0.5 M EDTA were added and organic solvent extractions were performed as before (1x P:C:IA and 1x C:IA). 0.3 vol. EtOH was added followed by centrifugation at 16,000 x g for 15 minutes to precipitate carbohydrates. The supernatant was poured into a new tube and 1.7 vol. of EtOH was added to precipitate HMW DNA, followed by hooking with a pasteur pipette, a 70% EtOH wash, drying, and resuspension in 50 uL EB. Nuclear prep (Lm7210, Lm9252, Lj7182, Lj9421, Lt9434): as previously described with modifications. Long-read data for Lg7742a, Lj8627, and Wa8730 were collected over multiple years as the MinION sequencing platform matured. Various protocols and both the SQK-LSK108 and SQK-LSK109 kits were used to prepare libraries for sequencing on multiple flow cell revisions. Here we describe the method used to produce the most recent runs in this study: 2 µg HMW DNA was sheared by 20 passes through a P1000 pipette tip and size-selected using 0.8 vol of custom SPRI beads. The SQK-LSK109 1D Genomic DNA Protocol was followed with the following modifications: Incubation times for all enzymatic reactions were extended to 20 minutes; cleanups following the repair reaction and adapter ligation were performed with 1 vol and 0.8 vol, respectively, of custom SPRI beads rather than Ampure XP; bead elutions were carried out at 37ºC until evenly resuspended; completed libraries were eluted in 24 uL Oxford EB, and half of this volume was mixed with LB and SQB and loaded onto an R9.4.1 rev. D flow cell. After about 20 hours the run was stopped, the Nuclease Flush protocol was performed, and the flow cell re-primed. 6 uL of the remaining library was mixed with 6 uL EB and the loading reagents, loaded onto the flow cell, and the run restarted. Libraries for Lj7182, Lj9421, Lm7210, Lm9252, and Lt9434 were prepared as previously described and sequenced on R9.4.1 flow cells on the PromethION platform. Short read WGS libraries for Lg7742a and Lj8627 were prepared from 2µg of HMW gDNA using the Illumina TruSeq DNA PCR-Free kit (Illumina, cat#20015962) and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq (PE 250bp, PE 300bp) or HiSeq 2500 instrument (PE 150bp). Libraries for other Lemna accessions were prepared as described for the NCBI SRA experiment SRX7624904, and previously published libraries were used for Wa8730 (SRX8008794, SRX8008795).
Runs: 1 run, 72.2M spots, 14.4G bases, 7.9Gb
Run# of Spots# of BasesSizePublished
SRR2540961772,175,88214.4G7.9Gb2023-12-12

ID:
28580699

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